Well then, let us speculate! Just as in history as such there are critical moments believed to have significantly influenced future events, so it is no different in our chess world! The so-called Butterfly Effect simply means a sensitive dependence on initial conditions, in which even a small change<\/strong> in one state can result in large differences<\/strong> in a later state.<\/p>\n Today, the increasingly popular iteration hypothesis<\/em> assumes that in other parallel worlds history could have unfolded differently precisely based on a change at a single moment. Seemingly insignificant changes, just as well as those universally recognised key moments in history. The flutter of butterfly wings can thus have far-reaching consequences.<\/p>\n iteration = repetition of a certain process in a changing context<\/em><\/p>\n Our chess world boasts an immensely rich history, and so naturally we find many moments that shaped its further development. For example, what would have happened if FIDE had approved Fischer\u2019s last demand regarding new rules for the World Championship match in 1975? The Fischer vs. Karpov match was supposed to be played to 10 wins without a limit on the number of games, as was often the case at the beginning of the history of the chess crown matches. Officially<\/em> the match did not take place only because FIDE refused<\/strong> to accept the last<\/strong> American\u2019s demand<\/strong>With the score at 9-9, the title remains in the hands of the current world champion!<\/p>\n Let us now look into possible iterations, in which, let us say, the butterfly flapped its wings differently and at other times,<\/em> than what happened here at home<\/em>\u2026<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Today, no one knows for sure<\/em>, why the system of matches for the chess crown, which suited everyone for decades \u2014 that is, 24 games, with the world champion retaining the title if the score reached 12-12 \u2014 stopped being suitable. Nevertheless, it is so. The first match under different rules (again not new; almost the same rules governed, for example, the famous Capablanca vs. Alekhine battle in Buenos Aires 1927) was played in 1978 (the cycle for the highest title was then three years) in Baguio, Philippines, between world champion Anatoly Karpov and challenger Viktor Korchnoi. It was played to 6 wins with no limit on the number of games.<\/p>\n In a dramatic ending, when the challenger equalised the score in the 31st game from a daunting 2-5 to 5-5, Anatoly Yevgenyevich won the following 32nd game.<\/p>\n Three years later, in Merano, Italy, however, the ageing Korchnoi could no longer keep pace. The match ended 6-2 after only 18 games. At that time, a new young generation of grandmasters was just coming of age, and moreover, the Candidates Tournament final was not even properly completed. (West German grandmaster Robert H\u00fcbner resigned the match against Korchnoi with the score at 3.5-4.5 and left.)<\/p>\n Despite various \u2014 let us say \u2014 political twists in the first half of the 1980s, when there were mutual boycotts of sporting events between the USSR and the USA (with their satellites on both sides of the divided world), Karpov\u2019s challenger ultimately became the very young Garry Kimovich Kasparov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n The match started on 10 September 1984<\/strong> and\u2026 in our iteration<\/em> was never completed, but rather on 15 February 1985<\/strong> was cancelled and the result annulled!\u00a0\u201eHow is that possible?\u201c<\/em><\/strong> Younger readers, or those who have never really studied history, might be surprised. Even greater astonishment will probably be caused by the part of the table you can see below:<\/p>\n \u2026 and its next part:<\/p>\n While the start of the match resembled a steamroller driving over sun-baked asphalt, and Kasparov's attacking onslaughts<\/em> evoked attacks with a meat mallet against a tank (which cannot be underestimated, but a tank is a tank \ud83d\ude42 ), Garry gradually realised that this approach would not work and stopped trying to break the positions. Nevertheless, he still lost the 27th game.<\/p>\n At the score of 5-0, naturally the chess public's interest in the match began to wane. The 27th game was won by the world champion 23 November 1984<\/strong>, that is after more than two months! What odds would be offered today on both players? (For younger readers, I add that it was not customary then to play games every day, only with occasional rest days; players had the right to short breaks, and some games were finished the next day because play was suspended after move 40.)<\/p>\n Now let us examine the final part of the table:<\/p>\n The 48th game of the match was also the last. In it, Kasparov adjusted the match score to 5-3. By that time, the match had already lasted more than 5 months!<\/p>\n On the evening of 15 February 1985, the then FIDE president, the Filipino Florencio Campomanes, declared the match over, effectively cancelled, annulling the results. In his statement, he expressed that the main reasons were concerns for the physical and mental health of the players and the fatigue of the organisers.<\/p>\n However, both participants outwardly expressed strong protest against this step, stating that they wanted to continue the match. According to all the rules valid at the time, no individual or group had the right to end an ongoing match\u2026 For safety (?) a plane was already arranged for the president that evening, and he flew back to his homeland\u2026<\/p>\n To balance explicitly tendentious interpretations of the match\u2019s ending (especially after the collapse of the USSR) in favour of the challenger, and also the statements of Garry Kasparov himself published in his books, I would recommend readers this link:<\/p>\n https:\/\/bigenc.ru\/c\/bespretsedentnyi-shakhmatnyi-marafon-v-matche-karpov-kasparov-1984-1985-4ee647<\/a><\/p>\n Anatoly Yevgenyevich offers an exceptionally interesting \u2013 and in my opinion more logical \u2013 explanation of all the events in his autobiography \u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/em> (Life and Chess) published in 2022.<\/p>\n I will mention just a few interesting facts:<\/p>\n The match was moved several times from place to place in violation of the rules. This was because, of course, no one expected a 5-month match and the main Moscow hall The Column Hall of the House of Trade Unions<\/em> was designated for various other state and party events.<\/p>\n Kasparov was extraordinarily strongly supported by the Soviet state and party from early childhood. He was assigned two personal coaches (Alexander Shakarov and Alexander Nikitin were not allowed at that time to<\/em> coach<\/em> anyone else!) and Garry's mother Klara Shagelovna later gave up her job to fully devote herself to raising (or also training \ud83d\ude42) her son! For this activity<\/em> she received a significantly higher salary<\/em> from the state than a university-educated engineer in the two-million city of Baku.<\/p>\n Garry Kimovich Kasparov with his mother Klara Shagelovna Kasparyan<\/em><\/p>\n Where did this generous support come from? After all, Kasparov was by no means the only huge talent of the Soviet Union! A decisive role in this was played by one of the most important Azerbaijani and later Soviet party officials Heydar Aliyev<\/strong> (later the third Azerbaijani president). Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1982 to 1986 and also the first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers.<\/p>\n Regarding the end of the match, Anatoly Karpov writes in his biography about his visit to the office of the Minister of Sport Marat Gramov: \u201eThis is absolutely disgraceful!\u201c I said to Gramov the next day. \u201eLook at what is happening! How outraged the press is! The match must be immediately resumed\u2026\u201c At that moment the phone on his desk rang, a connection from the Kremlin. The minister picked up the receiver and said: \u201eGreetings, Heydar Aliyevich! Yes, yes, everything is fine<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong>T<\/em><\/strong>just as we planned<\/em><\/strong>. I have Anatoly Yevgenyevich here. Now we will discuss the organisation of the next match.\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n One of the most powerful politicians of the USSR in the first half of the 1980s, after its collapse the third Azerbaijani president Heydar Aliyev (1923\u20132003) and the young Garry Kasparov. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n This picture in the text introduces a transition to a possible alternative reality, a different iteration!<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n It is 14 January 1985. The 41st game is on the agenda, the match score is 5-1. After 32...Rxb4<\/strong><\/span> (a bishop stood on b4) the position of the diagram arose.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/skolasachu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/butterfly-effect-napsane.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\nIteration one: World Chess Championship match Karpov vs. Kasparov 1984<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
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